Ethnomedicine refers to the interdisciplinary examination of indigenous health systems, medical beliefs, and healing traditions based on the cultural, ecological, and spiritual wisdom of a particular ethnic or indigenous community. It includes how people view illness and health, what natural resources they employ in their treatments, and the functions of healers, rituals, and environmental interactions in therapeutic processes. At the Traditional Medicine and Ethnomedicine World Conference TMEWC 2026, this theme will emphasize ethnomedical systems research, case studies based on the field, cross-cultural healing models, and the interface between traditional and modern scientific investigations.