Traditional diets are the cultural heritage that represents the nutritional wisdom of a few centuries. These dietary patterns are plant-based, seasonal, locally sourced, and very closely related to the environment and lifestyle of the indigenous and ancestral populations. Traditional food systems, in contrast to modern processed ones, focus on balance, moderate use, and the natural synergy of nutrients, which often leads to prolonged life, improved metabolic health, and disease prevention. This session at the Traditional Medicine and Ethnomedicine World Conference TMEWC 2026 will explore the benefits of health that can be gained from the diets of our forefathers, their role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, and the ways in which the old nutritional habits can be incorporated into modern health strategies.